Documents to Gather Before You Start
Tax documents to gather for filing
| Document | What It Shows | When You’ll Receive It |
|---|---|---|
| W-2 | Wages and withholding from employer | By January 31 |
| 1099-NEC | Non-employee compensation (freelance) | By January 31 |
| 1099-INT | Bank interest earned | By January 31 |
| 1099-DIV | Investment dividends | By February 15 |
| 1099-B | Investment sales (for Schedule D) | By February 15 |
| 1098 | Mortgage interest paid | By January 31 |
| 1095-A | Marketplace health insurance | By January 31 |
| Social Security number | Identity verification | You already have it |
Choose Your Filing Method
- Free File (IRS.gov): AGI under $79,000 = free federal return through IRS-approved software
- Commercial software (TurboTax, H&R Block, TaxAct): $0–$150 for most filers; guided interview format
- VITA sites: Volunteer Income Tax Assistance — free in-person help for income under $67,000
- Tax professional (CPA/Enrolled Agent): $150–$500+ for complex situations; self-employed, rental income, stock options
Determine Your Filing Status
Filing status affects your standard deduction, bracket thresholds, and credit eligibility. Options: Single (unmarried), Married Filing Jointly (usually optimal for married couples), Head of Household (unmarried with qualifying dependent), or Married Filing Separately (rarely beneficial). Use the status that reduces your tax bill.
Standard Deduction vs. Itemizing (Most First-Timers)
For most first-time filers: take the standard deduction. Unless you have significant mortgage interest, charitable contributions, and other deductions exceeding your standard deduction ($15,000 single, $30,000 MFJ in 2025), the standard deduction is larger and simpler.
Missing the deadline or failing to file is the #1 first-timer mistake. The IRS charges a 5% failure-to-file penalty per month (up to 25% of tax owed). If you can’t finish the return, file Form 4868 for an automatic 6-month extension — but remember, extension to file is not extension to pay. Estimated taxes are still due April 15.
Estimate Your First Tax Return
Enter your income and deductions — see your estimated tax liability before you file.