2025 Long-Term Capital Gains Rates by Filing Status
2025 long-term capital gains tax rates — all filing statuses
| Rate | Single Filer | Married Filing Jointly | Head of Household | Married Filing Separately |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0% | $0 to $48,350 | $0 to $96,700 | $0 to $64,750 | $0 to $48,350 |
| 15% | $48,351 to $533,400 | $96,701 to $600,050 | $64,751 to $566,700 | $48,351 to $300,000 |
| 20% | Over $533,400 | Over $600,050 | Over $566,700 | Over $300,000 |
How Capital Gains Stack on Top of Ordinary Income
Capital gains do not replace your income — they are added on top of it for rate-determination purposes. If your ordinary income is $40,000 and you have a $20,000 long-term gain, the gain does not sit in the 0% bracket. Instead: the $40,000 fills the lower brackets, and the $20,000 gain begins at $40,000 income and determines its rate from there. In this example, the gain starts in the 0% bracket range and stays there.
Single filer: $45,000 in ordinary income + $30,000 in long-term capital gains = $75,000 total. The $30,000 gain stacks on top of the $45,000. The 0% bracket ends at $48,350. So: $3,350 of the gain is in the 0% bracket. $26,650 of the gain is in the 15% bracket. Tax on the gain: ($3,350 × 0%) + ($26,650 × 15%) = $3,997.50.
Net Investment Income Tax (NIIT) in 2025
2025 Net Investment Income Tax (NIIT) thresholds and rate
| Filing Status | NIIT Threshold (MAGI) | NIIT Rate on Income Above Threshold |
|---|---|---|
| Single | $200,000 | 3.8% on net investment income or excess MAGI, whichever is less |
| Married filing jointly | $250,000 | 3.8% on net investment income or excess MAGI, whichever is less |
| Married filing separately | $125,000 | 3.8% on net investment income or excess MAGI, whichever is less |
| Head of household | $200,000 | 3.8% on net investment income or excess MAGI, whichever is less |
State Capital Gains Tax Rates in 2025
The majority of states tax long-term capital gains at the same rate as ordinary income — there is no preferential rate at the state level in most jurisdictions. A few exceptions: New Hampshire taxes only interest and dividends (not capital gains from stock sales). Washington state taxes long-term capital gains on sales of certain financial assets at 7%. Colorado has a minor capital gains deduction for Colorado residents.
Combined Federal + State + NIIT on a $100,000 Capital Gain
Combined capital gains tax rates — state + federal + NIIT for high earners
| State | Federal LT Rate | State Rate | NIIT (if applicable) | Combined Max Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Texas / Florida | 20% | 0% | 3.8% | 23.8% |
| New York | 20% | 10.9% | 3.8% | 34.7% |
| California | 20% | 13.3% | 3.8% | 37.1% |
| Washington | 20% | 7% | 3.8% | 30.8% |
| Illinois | 20% | 4.95% | 3.8% | 28.75% |
Calculate Your 2025 Capital Gains Tax
Enter your gain, income, and state to see your precise combined federal, state, and NIIT capital gains tax.